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From the long-stemmed pipe to snuff, the water pipe, hand-rolled cigarettes, and finally, manufactured cigarettes, the history of tobacco in China is the fascinating story of a commodity that became a hallmark of modern mass consumerism. Carol Benedict follows the spread of Chinese tobacco use from the sixteenth century, when it was introduced to China from the New World, through the development of commercialized tobacco cultivation, and to the present day. Along the way, she analyzes the factors that have shaped China's highly gendered tobacco cultures, and shows how they have evolved within a broad, comparative world-historical framework. Drawing from a wealth of historical sources-gazetteers, literati jottings (biji), Chinese materia medica, Qing poetry, modern short stories, late Qing and early Republican newspapers, travel memoirs, social surveys, advertisements, and more-Golden-Silk Smoke not only uncovers the long and dynamic history of tobacco in China but also sheds new light on global histories of fashion and consumption.

Tobacco --- Smoking --- History. --- Social aspects --- 16th century. --- advertisements. --- advertising. --- beijing. --- biji. --- brands. --- china social history. --- china. --- chinese republic. --- cigarette smoking. --- cigarettes. --- commodity. --- consumerism. --- consumption. --- east asia. --- east asian studies. --- fashion. --- gender. --- hand rolled. --- history. --- mass consumerism. --- materia medica. --- new world. --- nonfiction. --- pipes. --- qing newspapers. --- qing poetry. --- snuff. --- tobacco cultivation. --- tobacco. --- travel memoirs. --- travel. --- water pipe.

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The increasing Europeanisation of the law of delict/torts has produced textbooks, casebooks, monographs, and also sets of model rules of a genuinely European character. A major gap still existing today relates to the experiences gathered in the national legal systems over the past decades. The present work attempts to fill this gap for one key element of tort law: the notion of damage. It thus does what the previous volume in the 'Digest of European Tort Law' series did for another key element, ie natural causation. Once again, the publication contains a selection of the most important cases decided in26 states across Europe as well as by the European Court of Justice. For each case the facts and the relevant court decision are presented, and the decision is analysed within the wider context of the development of the respective legal system. In addition, the editors provide comparative analyses of the case law reported in this volume concerning all the specific problems raised under the heading of damage. The publication also looks into how key cases would be resolved under the European model rules drafted in the field of tort law; and it also highlights cases from earlier periods of legal history.The editors believe that the material gathered here may provide guidance for an organic convergence of the national legal systems in Europe. It constitutes the basis of an acquis commun that is infinitely richer (though also much more complex) than the rather bland and abstract concepts contained in national codifications, European legislation, and the modern model rules.

Damages --- Torts --- Insurance law -- Great Britain -- Cases. --- Law - Non-U.S. --- Law, Politics & Government --- Law - Europe, except U.K. --- Injuries (Law) --- Measure of damages --- Law and legislation --- Accident law --- Compensation (Law) --- Obligations (Law) --- Personal injuries --- Set-off and counterclaim --- Negligence --- Dommages-intérêts --- Responsabilité civile --- Damages - Europe - Digests --- Torts - Europe - Digests --- Allemagne --- Autriche --- Suisse --- Grèce --- France --- Belgique --- Pays-Bas --- Italie --- Espagne --- Royaume-Uni --- Portugal --- Irlande --- Danemark --- Norvège --- Suède --- Estonie --- Lettonie --- Lituanie --- Pologne --- République tchèque --- Slovaquie --- Hongrie --- Roumanie --- Bulgarie

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Fisheries --- Aquaculture --- Aquiculture --- Agriculture --- Coastal fisheries --- Commercial fisheries --- Commercial fishing industry --- Farms, Fish --- Fish farms --- Fishery industry --- Fishery methods --- Fishing industry --- Freshwater fisheries --- Inland fisheries --- Large-scale fisheries --- Marine fisheries --- Marine recreational fisheries --- Recreational fisheries --- Sea fisheries --- Sea fishing industry --- Sport fisheries --- Wildlife utilization --- Fishery sciences --- Fishes

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S20/0300 --- S11/0910 --- China: Agriculture forestry, fishery, natural disasters--Agricultural production and production methods: general and before 1949 --- China: Social sciences--Opium and drugs